GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY

Term	Definition
Cope	The upper or topmost section of a flask, mold, or pattern.
Core	A preformed sand aggregate inserted in a mold to shape the interior or that part of a casting which cannot be shaped by the pattern.
Directional Solidification	The progressive freezing of the casting in an orderly fashion from a thin or chilled area of the casting, back through progressively heavier sections. Directional solidification occurs only when a deliberate temperature gradient has been established.
Down Sprue	The first channel, usually vertical, by which the molten metal enters into the mold.
Draft Angle	The angle applied to the vertical surfaces of patterns or coreboxes, that allows the pattern or core to be removed or drawn. If the draft is not adequate, the pattern will cause the sand to break away from the mold as it is withdrawn.
Drag	The lower or bottom section of a mold, flask, or pattern.
Gates	The end of a runner in a mold where molten metal enters the mold cavity.
Hot Spots	Localized sections of a mold or casting where higher temperatures are maintained and where solidification will occur last without sufficient molten metal feed .
Mold	The form, made of sand, metal, or refractory material, which contains the cavity into which molten metal is poured to produce a casting of a desired shape.
Padding	The process of adding metal to a cross section of a casting wall, usually extending from a riser, to ensure adequate feed to a localized area where a shrink would occur if the added metal were not present.
Parting Line	The plane or planes along which a pattern is split or parted. It defines the separation between the cope and drag portions of a sand mold.
Pattern	A form of wood, plastic, foam, metal, or other material around which a molding material is placed to make a mold.
Risers	A reservoir of molten metal from which casting feeds as it shrinks during solidification
Runners	The portion of the gate assembly that connects the down sprue with the gate or the riser.
Taper	A section of a casting of increasing cross-section which provides a temperature gradient and promotes directional solidification.


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